As energy storage enters residential households, the concept of "distributed photovoltaic power generation" can be realized, which can alleviate the pressure on power transmission, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and is a necessary decentralized measure to achieve carbon neutrality.

The household energy storage system typically includes: photovoltaic modules, energy storage batteries, inverters, grid connection and metering equipment, the public grid, household loads and critical loads,etc,.

Basic operation principles of a household energy storage system:

1. In the morning, when there is sufficient sunlight, solar energy is first supplied to the loads, household loads will consume solar energy maximum and remaining power is stored in the battery. If sunlight is insufficient, the battery will supply energy to the system loads.

2. In the afternoon, after meeting the consumption of household loads and fully charging the battery, the excess power is fed back to the grid. Power is prioritized for critical loads, by battery charging, and any surplus power is then directed to household loads before flowing back to the grid.

3. In the absence of sunlight, the battery converts stored energy into AC power through the inverter for load consumption.

4. When the battery cannot meet the load demand, the grid will supplement the system with additional power for load consumption.